Refinery

 

Description

Refinery, as the most important link in the downstream of the oil industry, it carries out a lot of processes to convert the crude oil to other more refined products, such like, petroleum naphtha, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, LPG, etc.

 

Major products of a refinery 

Petroleum products are usually grouped into three categories, light distillates (LPG, gasoline, naphtha), middle distillate (kerosene, diesel), heavy distillates and residuum (heavy fuel oil, wax, asphalt), This classification is based on the way crude oil is distilled and separated into fractions.

 

Liquified petroleum gas (LPG)

Gasoline

Naphtha

Diesel fuel

Lubricating oils

Paraffin wax

Asphalt and tar

Petroleum coke

Sulfur

 

Oil refineries also produce various intermediate products as hydrogen, light hydrocarbons, reformate and pyrolysis gasoline. These are not usually transported but instead are blended or processed further on-site. Chemical plants are thus often adjacent to oil refineries. For example, light hydrocarbons are steam-cracked in an ethylene plant, and the produced ethylene is polymerized to produce polyethylene.

 

Desalter unit

Atmospheric distillation unit

Vacuum distillation unit

Naphtha hydrotreater unit

Catalytic reformer unit

Distillate hydrotreater unit

Fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) unit

Hydrocracker unit

Visbreaking unit

Merox unit

Coking unit

Alkylation unit

Dimerization unit

Isomerization unit

Steam reforming unit

Liquified gas storage vessels

Storage tanks

Amine gas treater

Utility units

Waste water collection and treating systems

Solvent refining units

Solvent dewaxing units